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英文论文写作常用句子Beginning
l     In this paper, we focus on the need for
l     This paper proceeds as follow.
l     The structure of the paper is as follows.
l     In this paper, we shall first briefly introduce fuzzy sets and related c
oncepts
l     To begin with we will provide a brief background on the

Introduction
l     This will be followed by a description of the fuzzy nature of the proble
m and a detailed presentation of how the required membership functions are def
ined.

l     Details on xx and xx are discussed in later sections.
l     In the next section, after a statement of the basic problem, various sit
uations involving possibility knowledge are investigated: first, an entirely p
ossibility model is proposed; then the cases of a fuzzy service time with stoc
hastic arrivals and non‑fuzzy service rule is studied; lastly, fuzzy ser
vice rule are considered.

Review
l     This review is followed by an introduction. 
l     A brief summary of some of the relevant concepts in xxx and xxx is prese
nted in Section 2.
l     In the next section a brief view of the .... is given. 
l     In the next section, a short review of ... is given with special regard
to ...
l     Section 2 reviews relevant research related to xx.
l     Section 1.1 briefly surveys the motivation for a methodology of action,
while 1.2 looks at the difficulties posed by the complexity of systems and out
lines the need for development of possibility methods.

Body
l     Section 1 defines the notion of robustness, and argues for its importanc
e.
l     Section 1 devoted to the basic aspects of the FLC decision‑making
logic.
l     Section 2 gives the background of the problem which includes xxx
l     Section 2 discusses some problems with and approaches to, natural langua
ge understanding.
l     Section 2 explains how flexibility which often ... can be expressed in t
erms of fuzzy time‑window
l     Section 3 discusses the aspects of fuzzy set theory that are used in the
...
l     Section 3 describes the system itself in a general way, including the ..
and also discusses how to evaluate system performance.
l     Section 3 describes a new measure of xx.
l     Section 3 demonstrates the use of fuzzy possibility theory in the analys
is of xx.
l     Section 3 is a fine description of fuzzy formulation of human decision.

l     Section 3, is developed to the modeling and processing of fuzzy decision
rules
l     The main idea of the FLC is described in Section 3 while Section 4 descr
ibes the xx strategies.
l     Section 3 and 4 show experimental studies for verifying the proposed mod
el.
l     Section 4 discusses a previous fuzzy set‑based approach to cost va
riance investigation.
l     Section 4 gives a specific example of xxx.
l     Section 4 is the experimental study to make a fuzzy model of memory proc
ess.
l     Section 4 contains a discussion of the implication of the results of Sec
tion 2 and 3.
l     Section 4 applies this fuzzy measure to the analysis of xx and illustrat
e its use on experimental data.
l     Section 5 presents the primary results of the paper: a fuzzy set model .
.
l     Section 5 contains some conclusions plus some ideas for further work.
l     Section 6 illustrate the model with an example.
l     Various ways of fuzzification and the reasons for their choice are discu
ssed very briefly in Section 2.
l     In Section 2 are presented the block diagram expression of a whole model

of human DM system
l     In Section 2 we shall list a collection of basic assumptions which a ...
scheme must satisfy.
l     In Section 2 of this paper, we present representation and uniqueness the
orems for the fundamental measurement of fuzziness when the domain of discours
e is order‑dense.

l     In Section 3, we describe the preliminary results of an empirical study

currently in progress to verify the measurement model and to construct members

英文论文写作常用句子hip functions.
l     In Section 5 is analyzed the inference process through the two kinds of
inference experiments...

This Section
l     In this section, the characteristics and environment under which MRP is

designed are described.
l     We will provide in this section basic terminologies and notations which

are necessary for the understanding of subsequent results.

Next Section
l     The next section describes the mathematics that goes into the computer i
mplementation of such fuzzy logic statements.
l     However, it is cumbersome for this purpose and in practical applications
the formulae were rearranged and simplified as discussed in the next section.

l     The three components will be described in the next two section, and an e
xample of xx analysis of a computer information system will then illustrate th
eir use.
l     We can interpret the results of Experiments I and II as in the following
sections.
l     The next section summarizes the method in a from that is useful for argu
ments based on xx

Summary
l     This paper concludes with a discussion of future research consideration
in section 5.
l     Section 5 summarizes the results of this investigation.
l     Section 5 gives the conclusions and future directions of research.
l     Section 7 provides a summary and a discussion of some extensions of the
paper.
l     Finally, conclusions and future work are summarized
l     The basic questions posed above are then discussed and conclusions are d
rawn.
l     Section 7 is the conclusion of the paper.

Chapter 0. Abstract
l     A basic problem in the design of xx is presented by the choice of a xx r
ate for the measurement of experimental variables.
l     This paper examines a new measure of xx in xx based on fuzzy mathematics
which overcomes the difficulties found in other xx measures.
l     This paper describes a system for the analysis of the xx.
l     The method involves the construction of xx from fuzzy relations.
l     The procedure is useful in analyzing how groups reach a decision.
l     The technique used is to employ a newly developed and versatile xx algor
ithms.
l     The usefulness of xx is also considered.
l     A brief methodology used in xx is discussed.
l     The analysis is useful in xx and xx problem.
l     A model is developed for a xx analysis using fuzzy matrices.
l     Algorithms to combine these estimates and produce a xx are presented and
justified.
l     The use of the method is discussed and an example is given.
l     Results of an experimental applications of this xx analysis procedure ar
e given to illustrate the proposed technique.
l     This paper analyses problems in
l     This paper outlines the functions carried out by ...
l     This paper includes an illustration of the ...
l     This paper provides an overview and information useful for approaching

l     Emphasis is placed on the construction of a criterion function by which
the xx in achieving a hierarchical system of objectives are evaluated.
l     The main emphasis is placed on the problem of xx
l     Our proposed model is verified through experimental study.
l     The experimental results reveal interesting examples of fuzzy phases of
: xx,xx
l     The compatibility of a project in terms of cost, and xx are likewise rep
resented by linguistic variables.
l     A didactic example is included to illustrate the computational procedure


Chapter 1. Introduction
Time
l     Over the course of the past 30 years, .. has emerged form intuitive
l     Technological revolutions have recently hit the industrial world
l     The advent of ... systems for  has had a significant impact on the
l     The development of ... is explored
l     During the past decade, the theory of fuzzy sets has developed in a vari
ety of directions,
l     The concept of xx was investigated quite intensively in recent years

英文论文写作常用句子>l     There has been a turning point in ... methodology in accordance with the
advent of ...
l     A major concern in ... today is to continue to improve...
l     A xx is a latecomer in the part representation arena.
l     At the time of this writing, there is still no standard way of xx
l     Although a lot of effort is being spent on improving these weaknesses, t
he efficient and effective method has yet to be developed.
l     The pioneer work can be traced to xx [1965].
l     To date,  none of the methods developed is perfect and all are far from
ready to be used in commercial systems.

Objective / Goal / Purpose
l     The purpose of the inference engine can be outlined as follows:
l     The ultimate goal of the xx system is to allow the non‑experts to
utilize the existing knowledge in the area of manual handling of loads, and to
provide intelligent, computer‑aided instruction for xxx.
l     The paper concerns the development of a xx
l     The scope of this research lies in
l     The main theme of the paper is the application of rule‑based decis
ion making.
l     These objectives are to be met with such thoroughness and confidence as
to permit ...
l     The objectives of the  ... operations study are as follows:
l     The primary purpose/consideration/objective of
l     The ultimate goal of this concept is to provide
l     The main objective of such a ... system is to
l     The aim of this paper is to provide methods to construct such probabilit
y distribution.
l    In order to achieve these objectives, an xx must meet the following requi
rements:
l     In order to take advantage of their similarity
l     more research is still required before final goal of ... can be complete
d
l     In this trial, the objective is to generate...
l     for the sake of concentrating on ... research issues
l     A major goal of this report is to extend the utilization of a recently d
eveloped procedure for the xx.
l     For an illustrative purpose, four well‑known OR problems are studi
ed in presence of fuzzy data: xx.
l     A major thrust of the paper is to discuss approaches and strategies for
structuring ..methods
l     This illustration points out the need to specify
l     The ultimate goal is both descriptive and prescriptive.
l     Chapter 2. Literature Review
l     A wealth of information is to be found in the statistics literature, for
example, regarding xx
l     A considerable amount of research has been done .. during the last decad
e
l     A great number of studies report on the treatment of uncertainties assoc
iated with xx.
l     There is considerable amount of literature on planning
l     However, these studies do not provide much attention to undertainty in x
x.
l     Since then, the subject has been extensively explored and it is still un
der investigation as well in methodological aspects as in concrete application
s.
l     Many research studies have been carried out on this topic.
l     Problem of xx draw recently more and more attention of system analysis.

l     Attempts to resolve this dilemma have resulted in the development of
l     Many complex processes unfortunately, do not yield to this design proced
ure and have, therefore, not yet been automated.
l     Most of the methods developed so far are deterministic and /or probabili
stic in nature.
l     The central issue in all these studies is to
l     The problem of xx has been studied by other investigators, however, thes
e studies have been based upon classical statistical approaches.
l     Applied ... techniques to
l     Characterized the ... system as
l     Developed an algorithm to
l     Developed a system called ... which
l     Uses an iterative algorithm to deduce
l     Emphasized the need to
l     Identifies six

英文论文写作常用句子 key issues surrounding high technology
l     A comprehensive study of the .. has been undertaken
l     Much work has been reported recently in these filed
l     Proposed
l     Presented
l     State that
l     Point out that the problem of
l     Described
l     Illustrated
l     Indicated
l     Has shown / showed
l     Address
l     Highlights
l     A study on ...was done / developed by []
l     Previous work, such as [] and [], deal only with
l     The approach taken by [] is
l     The system developed by [] consists
l     A paper relevant to this research was published by []
l     []'s model requires consideration of ..
l     []' model draws attention to evolution in human development
l     []'s model focuses on...
l     Little research has been conducted in applying ... to
l     The published information that is relevant to this research...
l     This study further shows that
l     Their work is based on the principle of
l     More history of ... can be found in xx et al. [1979].
l     Studies have been completed to established
l     The ...studies  indicated that
l     Though application of xx in the filed of xx has proliferated in recent y
ears, effort in analyzing xx, especially xx, is lacking.

Problem / Issue / Question
l     Unfortunately, real-world engineering problems such as manufacturing pla
nning do not fit well with this narrowly defined model.  They tend to span bro
ad activities and require consideration of multiple aspects.
l     Remedy / solve / alleviate these problems
l     ... is a difficult problem, yet to be adequately resolved
l     Two major problems have yet to be addressed
l     An unanswered question
l     This problem in essence involves using x to obtain a solution.
l     An additional research issue to be tackled is ....
l     Some important issues in developing a ... system are discussed
l     The three prime issues can be summarized:
l     The situation leads to the problem of how to determine the ...
l     There have been many attempts to
l     It is expected to be serious barrier to
l     It offers a simple solution in a limited domain for a complex problem.

l     There are several ways to get around this problem.
l     As difficult as it seems to be, xx is by no means new.
l     The problem is to recognize xx from a design representation.
l     A xx problem can trace its roots to xx.
l     xx [1987] used a heuristic approach to simplify the complexity of the pr
oblem.
l     Several problems are associated with them.
l     Although some progress has been made in this area, at least two major ob
stacles must be overcome before a fully automated system can be realized.
l     Most problems in practice are complicated
l     More problem surface here.
l     Hamper effort toward a xx system
l     In order to overcome the limitations due to incomplete and imprecise xx
knowledge, a xx program has been developed, which bases its knowledge upon the
statistical analysis of a sample population of xx

l     The above difficulties are real challenges faced by researchers attempti
ng to develop
l     This type of mapping raises no controversy to the issue of membership fu
nction determination.
l     However, attempts to quantify the xx have met both theoretical and empir
ical problems.
l     It has become apparent that in order to apply this new methodological fr
amework to real‑world problems and data, we have to pay attention to the
problems of xx and xx.

Chapter 3. Proposed methodology
Assumption
l     In the case when the assumption of a xx seems to be too restrictive or i
nadequate, the formulation with Fu

英文论文写作常用句子zzy termination time, i.e. given by a fuzzy
set in the space of control stages, may be applied.
l     We assume here the fuzzy constraints to be state‑dependent, and th
e fuzzy goal to be the same for all the control states, xx, which stems from t
he problem's nature.
l     An approach to the solution of this problem is presented under the assum
ption that the sampling rate Decision can be made prior to the execution of th
e experiment, as opposed to being made while the experiment is in progress.
l     Another assumption made above is that there are precise odds at which th
e expert is indifferent.
l     Main simplifying assumptions are:
l     This, in our view, is a questionable assumption.

Outline / Structure / Module
l     An outline of the research
l     Information is incorporated within the scheme
l     Is built into ... structure
l     A nice modular structure.
l     The principles of ... are applied as modularized criteria

Classification
l     A xx system comprises three main components:
l     Must decompose the original .. into a set of ..
l     Consists of the following steps:
l     This is summarized in the following steps:
l     Can be broadly classified into the following areas:
l     Can be characterized by its function of effectively processing the
l     Can allow further breadth of application of ...into more
l     The following steps should be followed
l     xx can be classified by a different ways.
l     Based on the xx, one may classify xx into the following:
l     This catalog may change due to wear, breakage, and purchasing.

System
l     Unlike many conventional program, expert systems do not usually deal wit

h problem for which there is clearly a right or wrong answer.
l     The system consists of both ... and ...
l     The system has a hierarchical modular architecture organized on three le
vels.
l     expert system domains are area of expertise
l     To develop a xx system for xx, the following factors must be considered:

l     The system has been developed / designed to determine
l     The system has proven to be able to
l     The domain in which an expert system operates is a particular domain
l     The system comprises a ... with
l     The system is [feature-oriented ] / based on the ... technique
l     The system environment must be relatively stable
l     The system is utilized to generate, load, store, update and retrieve ...

l     The development of a xx system has two stages:  xx stage and xx stage.

l     The most essential part of .. system is the ...
l     The successful developments in ESs have made them an important tool in t
he development of
l     An automated system was developed for
l     In this case, the system can be considered to be generative.
l     An interactive automatic ... system
l     A .. is commonly thought of as a truly integrated .. system
l     Should be capable of being generated from a ... system
l     xx is an important part of the integrated system.
l     The model consists of four rule bases, each of which addresses a separat
e problem in the hierarchy of scheduling decision.
l     The rule bases are linked to each other in a chin‑like manner in t
he sense that the consequent of one rule base constitutes a part of the antece
dent of the next rule base.
l     The rule base consists of all possible combinations of the linguistic te
rms associated with the linguistic variable of the antecedent of a rule.

Computer System
l     The system has been implemented using Prolog language in an MS‑DOS
environment.  Prolog was chosen because it offers a well known and flexible e
nvironment in which fuzzy reasoning may be easily implemented.
l     The current version of the xx program when compiled with WATFOR77 result

s in an executable code of about 270K bytes.&

英文论文写作常用句子nbsp; Typical run time, when run on a

XX computer (an IBM compatible machine) operating at 4.77 Mhz with 640K RAM, r
anges from 10 min to 2h, depending on the size (or complexity) of the problem.

l     Time consuming procedures have been implemented in C‑language and
directly linked to the Prolog environment.
l     The xx process, once the xx's data has been entered, requires approximat
ely 180 seconds.
l     It should be noted that the computation was done with a 20 Hhz, 80386&#8

209;based microcomputer equipped with a 80387 math co‑processor.
l     The computer programs used for the analyses, one based on the xx method
and the other based on the new method, were written in FORTRAN with a compiler
that supports the math co‑processor.
l     Lisp, Prolog give maximum flexibility but also maximizes development tim
e.
l     Internal representation is the way a model is represented in the compute
r.
l     An interactive menu-driven procedure is used in this study
l     Shell can be develop very fast at the cost of time fairly severe limitat
ions.
l     While there is no measurable saving of time for the case involving five
criteria, the saving is dramatic for the case involving 10 criteria -- the com
putation time reduces from 10 hr 40 min to about 1 min.
l     This combination is being implemented in an objected‑oriented prog
ramming environment (Smalltalk‑80 system) to solve problems encountered
in construction xxx.

Method / Approach / Study / Process Model / Equation /Algorithm / Rule / Formu
la / Technique
l     A discussion is presented of a problem-solving system
l     To improve the efficiency of the method, the following approach may be a
pplied.
l     In order to an investigation was made to find the causes of the
l     Although large collections of rules and equations have been complied, no
ne are generally accepted
l     This approach will be explained and discussed thoroughly in the body of
the report.
l     This can be accomplished by
l     This algorithm to compute the total cost can be described step by step a
s follows:
l     The above preliminary analysis has provided important information
l     Various methods have been proposed for selecting an optimum...
l     These concepts have been applied to
l     On the basis of the concept mentioned above,
l     This can be achieved by
l     This fact suggests that a new concept
l     This was accomplished by taking ...
l     The preparatory stage is very time consuming process.
l     Test are performed for validity, completeness, and compatibility
l     There is little hope of achieving successful ...
l     There has been an increasing awareness of the potential of using most ..
so far made have not taken this approach, with the exception of
l     Only a few studies can be found.
l     It is a very tedious process to go through
l     It is only when .. has been completed that .. may be effected
l     The entire interpretation process is conducted in one's head.
l     These approaches are sometimes very tedious.
l     Several techniques can be used
l     A polynomial parametric model can be written as [the following]/[follows
]:
l     A xx model is constructed/formulated using xx.
l     A xx model represents an xx by its xx.
l     A process decision model captures the logic essential to
l     From the equation above, xx is equal to the summation of xx times the ..
.
l     The validity of a xx model can be checked using Euler's formula.
l     Given a model, one can mathematically determine whether ... or ...
l     Equations for xx need to be derived and implemented in the system.
l     A number of heuristic rules have been developed for
l     Optimum .. techniques can be made more reliable by ... so that
l     An algorithm based on the characteristic ... is used to determine
l  &n

英文论文写作常用句子bsp;  Euler's formula states the following:
l     The completed model should agree with the formula.
l     For manufacturing purposes, a detailed and precise model of the object i
s necessary
l     Engineering design models are very well defined; therefore,
l     To keep the domain narrow enough to be implementable, yet wide enough to

be useful.
Point of View
l     from an implementation standpoint,
l     From the point of view of this application,
l     From this point of view, Zadeh suggested an inference rule named xxx (CR
I for short).
l    Information is the meaningful interpretation and correlation of some aggr
egation of data in order to allow one to make decisions.

l     From a practical point of view, the computational aspects of an FLC requ
ire a simplification of the fuzzy control algorithm.
l     The use of a hammer to insert screws, although partly effective, tends t
o distort, destroy, and generally defeat the purpose of using a screw [Kusiak
AI Implications for CIM p.129]

Justification
l     We choose the so called xx in our experiment because it has received wid
e acceptance and can
l     Prolog was chosen because it offers a well known and flexible environmen
t in which fuzzy reasoning may be easily implemented.
l     The rationale behind this is that it can be much easier for an estimator
to rate a cost as high than to attempt to place a dollar value on the estimat
e.
l     This strategy has been widely used in fuzzy control applications since i
t is natural and easy to implement.
l     A function definition expresses the membership function of a fuzzy set i
n a functional form, typically a bell‑shaped function, etc.  Such functi
ons are used in FLC because they lead themselves to manipulation through the u
se of fuzzy arithmetic.
l     It should be noted that in our daily life most of the information on whi
ch our decisions are based is linguistic rather than numerical in nature.  See
n in this perspective, fuzzy control rules provide a natural framework for the
characterization of human behavior and decisions analysis. 
l     Many experts have found that fuzzy control rules provide a convenient wa
y to express their domain knowledge.  This explains why most FLCs are based on
the knowledge and experience which are expressed in the language of fuzzy "if
‑the" rule.

Chapter 4. Examples

Example/ Data
l     The data used in the following example was taken from an experiment in w
hich xx was measured between x and x using a xx technique.
l     The data consists of over xx measurements.
l     An example of xx is discussed and the control rules of xx are compared w
ith a xx
l     Examples of complex processes to which this technique may be applied are
xx, xx, etc.
l     The following example is constructed only for the purpose of illustratin
g the computational procedure discussed.
l     This example clearly demonstrates that the profile of an individual xx,
or a very small group of xx, with no enough data to be studied statistically,
can be meaningfully analyzed by fuzzy possibilistic methods.
l     There is no space here to go into detail on all these methods, but deser
ve a mention and the bibliography will point to detailed references for those
wishing this level of detail.
l     Note that the golf ball spotting example is used throughout the paper.


Comparisons
l     As well, the pros and cons of these representations from a process plann
ing point of view will be discussed.
l     The method of using xx to implement xx described by Zadeh (1973) appeare
d more suitable
l     As discussed [in the previous section]/[preciously],

Relation
l     We can not invert F' directly because it defines a many-to-one mapping.

l     The relationships appear very complicate
l     Lifting tasks involve complex and imprecise relationship between the tas
k variables and the human operator's characteristics.
l     These methods are based on the relationship between ... and ...
l     The fundamental concept of a fuzzy rating language is that we can establ
ish a relatio

英文论文写作常用句子nship among terms such as high, medium, and low, and then modify
these relationships.
l     This article will thus mention the latter as well as the former.
l     The former two bear a close relation to a fuzzy Cartesian product.

Importance
l     The emphasis is on an implementation of a general approach to rule based
decision making.

Consideration / Attention
l     Careful evaluation is necessary to ensure
l     Such a formulation does not change further considerations.
l     Considerable attention has been paid to
l     Attention should be paid to an important finding of this investigation.

l     Caution should be exercised in this process to avoid ...
l    Primary consideration is given to ... components, though others can be ac
commodated
l     After ... has been defined by ..., a carefully analysis is carried out/p
erformed to determine
l     A number of factors such as ...need to be taken into consideration befor
e making the appropriate decision.
l     It should be noted that
l     It is important to point out that ...
l     These considerations have heightened interest in the possibility of prov
iding ...
l     We should stress the fundamental importance of the xx

Chapter 5. Results.
Advantages / Disadvantage

l     One of the major advantages of this new measure of xx is that it can be
applied to the experimental study of
l     One advantage of using a .. is the ease of preparing it.
l     The xx system is versatile
l     It has a very fast decision making process
l     All the algorithms involve mostly logical operations.
l  It can be easily and without additional cost implemented in a microprocesso
r‑based environment.
l     It can reduce the waste of designing from scratch.
l     The advantages of using a xx to represent xx are the following:
l     However, xx is not without its shortcomings.
l     In most cases, the xxx shows an improvement over the existing xxx.
l     Compared to the existing xx, the impacts of the xx are generally reduced
by 5% to 9%.
l     The "best case" results shows a savings of 6% to 9%.
l     Most of the existing works based on xx approach can only recognize a xx
.
l     Most of the above methods are computational expansive and limited to xx.

l     Some other advantages of xx are the following:
l     The problem is the limitation of this method to a limited domain of part
s.
l     It proved limited in application because it demanded precision in system
modeling that was impossible in practice.
l     There are advantages to be gained in the structuring of costs and benefi
ts, the use of xx,
l     The disadvantages of this method are also disadvantages of conventional
xx approaches.
l     This combines the best features of both techniques
l     Hopefully, this tool can be as the reference framework of for developing
a xx platform, and helping the administration, marketing, and knowledge manag
ement activities in virtual communities.

Results
l     An improvement on the result shown above can be made by based on the dat
a provided
l     Discussion of these theories is beyond the scope of this review
l     Based on the information contained in this
l     The result can be categorized into nine classes
l     The results are illustrated by an example
l     The experimental results for each xx time are reported in Table 2.
l     From the results obtained so far, it seem that
l     Because of the inaccuracy of the ..., a conclusion cannot be drawn as

l     Although much effort has been made to., this reality is far from complet
ion.
l     The results indicate that the total benefits are higher than the total c
osts.
l     Their results may then serve as guidelines for lower level models, less
fuzzy and more detailed.

Chapter 6. Conclusion
l     From the discussion, one may conclude t

英文论文写作常用句子hat ...
l     Form the above discussion, the conclusion can be reached that
l     The conclusions drawn are also valid
l     In conclusion to this, it becomes obvious that the problem of xx lies no
t only in...
l     We have attempted to introduce some concepts associated with a theory of

xx based on fuzzy sets.
l     Considerable more work, hopefully, will be done in this area
l     A fuzzy set procedure is proposed to solve xx selection problems interwo
ven with imprecise data
l     Employing the compositional rule of inference, the assessment of the xx
compatibility in achieving prescribed xx projectiles in any level of the hiera
rchy is made possible.
l    This paper has presented a theoretical and experimental study of the xx p
rocess and xx concept.
l    The experimental research results will hopefully serve as useful feedback
information for improvements for xx work.
l    The scope of this contribution was to introduce a xx method.
l    In general, fuzzy sets theory provides an alternative foundation for xx a
nalysis in a fuzzy environment.

Future Research
l     Thus, first extension of the approach could be,
l     Present some cues for a further approach from Fuzzy Sets Theory applicat
ion to
l     Some improvements to the scheduling aspect of the model may be brought t
hrough additional levels in the hierarchy for more detailed representation of
the scheduling activity.

Tables and Figures
l     Figure 7-1 sketches these relationships.
l     The graphical representation of these functions is shown in Figure 1.
l     The xx may be depicted as in Figure 1.
l     Figure x shows the schematic diagram of  the
l     Figure 1 though 2 provide a ... that
l     the architecture of this expert system for .... is illustrated in Figure
2.
l     Figure 2 gives the outline of an ... system
l     Table shows the
l     as shown in Table 1 and 2
l     This concept is illustrated in Figure 2
l     At the top of Table xx are shown two blocks of data.
l     Each table or matrix has constructs xx through xx as row‑headings,

xx through xx as column‑headings.
l     A table of .. is developed and significant recommendations are made.

CONJUGATION

To Indicate Addition
l     additionally, again, also, and then, as can be easily understood, beside
s, equally important, especially, finally, for the same reason, first, further
, furthermore, in addition, last, likewise, moreover, next, second, third, too
, evidently, obviously, roughly speaking, broadly speaking

To Indicate Cause and Effect
l     accordingly, as a result, consequently, for this reason, hence, in short
, otherwise, then, therefore, thus, truly

To indicate Comparison
l     in a like manner, likewise, similarly , alternatively

To Indicate Concession
l     after all, although this may be true, at the same time, even though, eve
n so , I admit, naturally, of course

To Indicate Contrast
l     and yet, at the same time, but, for all that, however, yet, in fact, in
contrast, in the real life, in spite of, nevertheless, notwithstanding, normal
ly, on the contrary, on the other hand, still, traditionally, rather, unfortun
ately,

To Indicate Time Relationships
l     after a short time, afterwards, as indicated earlier, as long as, as soo
n as, at last, at length, at the moment, at that time, at the same time, befor
e, earlier, currently, immediately, in the meantime, in recent years, lately,
later, meanwhile, often, of late, presently, recently, soon, shortly, since, t
hereupon, temporarily, therefore, until, when, while

To Indicate Special Features or Examples
l     for example, for instance, incidentally, indeed, in fact, in other words
, in particular, in practice, specifically, that is, to illustrate, in this re
spect, theoretically, as mentioned before / above

To Indicate Summary
l     in brief, in conclusion, in short, in summary, on the whole, to conclude

, in general, to summarize, to sum up, as a result, ultimately,

VERB PHASE
l     build a .. model
l&nbs

英文论文写作常用句子p;    build up the key link
l     began a new era in ...
l     can be     regarded as / achieved / used to/for / found / obtained throu
gh
l     can result in
l     carries out  ... tasks
l     production information in order to simultaneously
l     contains all information necessary to describe
l     do not make use of production information
l     deals with
l     end with failure
l     fetch the information from the model directly
l     has great potential / yet to be resolved / spurred the development of  /

been recognized as
l     BE   aimed at / built up / carried out by / essentially concerned with /
considered to be the key technology / associated with each feature of a compo

site component / cable of / currently implemented for / demonstrated by an exa
mple / finally reached / made equal to / equivalent to  / more suitable to / o
riented to / interpreted as / pointed out / potentially of great benefit in th
e complex task of  / shown in  / used to effectively guide the search
l     makes use of
l     make up
l     meets the needs of real life production,/ the current demands placed upo
n it
l     must be justified
l     point out
l     play an important role
l     relates to
l     rely on
l     satisfy the needs
l     determine the total requirements for the ...
l     uses ... as a key to search for...
l     without relying on
l     will be available/ performed/ overlooked

NOUN PHASE
l     a basic technical function of
l     a critical need
l     a key / principle feature of
l     a substantial impact on
l     an intensive review was conducted
l     an increasing need for expanding the application of ....
l     an important component / function / aspect / issue
l     each rule is numbered in sequence
l     each of these involves
l     for this calculation, it is necessary to define
l     in the physical environment / integration of
l     in the reality of situations where …
l     many aspects of
l     most past efforts have been spent on ...
l     common sense to a well studied and documented technical field.
l     sources of additional information on ... are listed
l     systematic and rationally structured format
l     the basis on which a  range of ...operations can be established is shown

l     THE   basic philosophy / principles of / key element / general hypothesi
s / candidate list of / concept of  ... has attracted wide interest /  functio
n is concerned with / heart / impact / nature / role / task of / kernel functi
ons
l     the number of parts needed to
l     the above statement means that
l     the output data is passed to
l     the proposed method /  underlying principle
l     the recommendations made in this report, if implemented, should
l     this information resides in
l     this process is composed of ... different ... operation
l     along with the use of
l     concerning general aspects of
l     due to
l     for later use in generating...,
l     in turn,
l     IT IS     believed / noted / assumed / suggested / shown / quite evident
/ appears / implies that / intended for / of no important to
l     it can be claimed/concluded that
l     it demonstrates the decisions required of
l     it also provides information to ..
l     it becomes essential to
l     let ... be the probability that
l     once... is written, it is compiled into...
l     suppose it i

英文论文写作常用句子s observe



论文指导